000 Atelectasis

Definition

Caused by
- complete obstruction
  - neoplasm,
  - mucus plugging
  - foreign bodies
Result
- air
  - no new air can enter lung distal to the obstruction
  - trapped air that is absorbed into the capillaries, l
- pleura
  - cannot separate
  - vacuum and
  - traction of mediastinal structures and diaphragm
    - mediastinal shift and elevated diaphragm
Compressive Atelectasis
- Caused by
  - pleural effusion,
  - pneumothorax and
  - diaphragmatic abnormality
- Result
  - air
    - squeezed out of lung
  - pleura
    - separated
    - potentially only minor or no vaccuum
Cicatrisation (Traction) Atelectasis
- Caused by
  - graulomatous disease,
  - necrotizing pneumonia and
  - radiation fibrosis
  - bronchietasis
- Result
  - air
    - lung cannot expand
  - pleura
    - - cannot separate
      - vacuum and
      - traction on surrounding structures
Adhesive Atelectasis
- Caused by
  - surfactant deficiency
    - diffuse or
    - localized
  - Result
Gravity Dependant Atelectasis (Dependent Atelectasis)
- Caused by
  - weight of the lungs
- Result
  - Crescentic shaped
    - ground glass changes
Osteophyte-Induced
- Caused by
- Result
  - focal atelectasis
  - fibrosis
  - bronchiolectasis