000 Pneumonia

Pneumonia Etmology

  • The word “pneumonia”
    •  from the Greek word
      • “pneumon,” which means “lung.” and
      • “-ia,” which is a suffix used to indicate a condition or state.
  • Therefore, “pneumonia” translates to
    • “lung condition” or
    • “lung disease” in Greek. This is fitting given that pneumonia is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the lungs, often caused by infection.

Infection

  • Pneumonia
    • general term
      • filling the alveoli.
      • usually purulent, (ie infection)
    • generally caused by infecction but entities such as DIP (Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia), LIP (Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia), NSIP (Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia), UIP (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia), COP (Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia), and OP (Organizing Pneumonia)—refer to specific patterns of interstitial lung diseases and are called  pneumonia but they  fall under the broader category of pneumonitis, or inflammation of the lung tissue.

Pneumonias can be classified by:

  • etiology
    • infective agent
      • bacterial (pyogenic) pneumonia
        • cavitating bacterial pneumonia
      • fungal pneumonia
        pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
        mycobacterial pneumonia
        viral pneumonia
        coronavirus
        COVID-19
        Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection
        severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
        varicella pneumonia
        setting of infection
        community-acquired pneumonia
        hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
        ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
        healthcare-acquired pneumonia (HCAP)
        aspiration pneumonia
        lipid: lipoid pneumonia
        method of spread (a pathological description)
        bronchopneumonia
        lobar pneumonia
        multilobar pneumonia
        radiographic appearance
        atypical pneumonia
        round pneumonia
        cavitating pneumonia
        hemorrhagic pneumonia

 

TB
Reactivation TB
CXR reveals a dense consolidation in the right upper lobe (red arrow) with questionable air-fluid level. No pneumothorax. No pleural effusions. Differential includes right upper lobe pneumonia or tuberculosis. CT is recommended for further evaluation if there is concern for a cavity.
Courtesy Joseph Cannella,
Dr. Christina LeBedis, MD, MS
CTPA reveals a large consolidation in the right upper lobe and superior segment of the right lower lobe spans approximately 8.8 x 5.6 x 9.4 cm and extends to the pleura. There are multiple internal cavitations (red arrows) with air-fluid levels. These large predominately right upper lobe cavitary lesions are consistent with clinical concern for tuberculosis pneumonia, however follow-up with chest CT in 3 months post-treatment is recommended to exclude other less likely causes of cavitary lesions, such as malignancy.
Courtesy Joseph Cannella,
Dr. Christina LeBedis, MD, MS

Bronchopneumonia- Centrilobular

lung axial interstitium bronchioles connective tissue fx bronchial plugging peribronchial halo peribronchial thickening dx bronchopneumonia CTscan Davidoff MD 47614c01

Links and References