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Copyright 2008 Definition Respiratory arrest is the cessation or extreme slowing of respiration and is characterized by feeble, irregular, or gasping respirations associated with a depresed sensorium. It is often associated with cardiovascular manifestations which include tachycardia, diaphoresis, and hypertension due to agitation. On the other hand it is often associated with cardiac arrest. There are many causes for respiratory arrest. The causes could originate in the respiratory centre, airways, alveoli, or the muscles of respiration. Central causes include drug overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, stroke or raised intracranial pressure with coning. The airways could be occluded from larygospasm, epiglotitis, aspirated foreign bodies, or aspirated blood. Alveolar processes include pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary edema ARDS, and drowning. Guillain Barre, myasthemia crisis, and poliomyeltis are known causes of muscle dysfunction that can precipitate a respiratory arrest. The diagnosis is made clinically by observing the patient and identifying the characteristic slow, shallow, gasping respirations associated with cyanosis, depressed sensorium or unconciousness. Treatment is immediate and emergent resuscitation with basic life support or advanced life support as available.
Principles
The respiratory system is central to ventilation and therefore oxygenation
Structural Principles
Tubes and filters with control systems Tubes can be blocked and filters can be blocked
Physiological Principles
The control systems are in the respiratory centre in the hypothalamus
Principles of Disease
The diseases that affect therespiratory centre are chemical – or circulatory Tyen diseases that affect the airways and alveoli are mechanical
Cause and Predisposing Factors
The
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
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Result
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Potential Complications
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Diagnosis
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Clinical
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Lab Tests
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Imaging
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Treatment and Management
The BLS The ACLS
Prognosis
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Conclusion
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References
The
MCQ
The
References Merck manual |
