Diagrams Histology Overview of the Anatomy of the Lungs Large Airways and Small AirwaysAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0740nL Overview of the Histology of the Lungs from the Trachea to the AlveolusAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0742n Histology of the terminal and respiratory bronchiole showing the cellular components of the mucosa including the ciliated cuboidal cells, cells, Clara cell and the neuroendocrine cellsAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0742 -lo resb Histology of the respiratory bronchiole showing the cellular components of the mucosa including the ciliated cuboidal cells, cells, Clara cell and the neuroendocrine cellsAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0747 Histology of the terminal bronchiole showing the cellular components of the mucosa including the ciliated columnar cells, Clara cell and the neuroendocrine cellsAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0746 Cells of the BronchiolesAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0741 Cells of the BronchiolesAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0741n Histology of the Large and Medium Sized AirwaysAirways are lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium interspersed with mucus secreting goblet cellsAshley DavidoffTheCommonVein.net lungs-00674b01-lo res As the medium sized airways progress to to the small airways they lose many of the goblet cells, become a simple epithelium and remain ciliatedAshley DavidoffTheCommonVein.netlungs-00675-lo-res As the terminal bronchial transitions to the respiratory bronchial the mucosa becomes non ciliated and cuboidalAshley DavidoffTheCommonVein.net lungs-00676 At the level of the mebranous airways (respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveoli, the mucosa becomes mostly a simple squamous epitheliumAshley DavidoffTheCommonVein.net lungs-00677 Cells Club CellAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0743 The AlveolusAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00679 Cellular Makeup of the Normal AlveolusAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0689 MacrophageAshley Davidoff MD The4CommonVein.net cells-0072 Smokers MacrophageAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00686 Alveolar MacrophagesAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0063 Simple cuboidal cell with reddish foamy and sometimes vacuolated cytoplasmAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0062 Simple squamous epithelium with pale staining cytoplasmAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0061 Diseases Membranous airways (respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs)Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00685 Pathophysiology of Cigarette Smoking on Medium Sized AirwaysAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00684 Pathophysiology of Cigarette Smoking on Medium Sized Airways, Small Airways and AlveoliAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00683 Smoking and the Alveolus –Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-00687 ARDS – CausesThe lung is injured either by direst causes most commonly pneumonia, aspiration or from inhalation of toxic substances. Severe systemic illnesses, most commonly sepsis with shock, and severe trauma are considered indirect causes.Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0690 Early Events in the Pathophysiology of the ARDSThe initial injury results in an acute severe inflammatory response consisting hyperemia , edema with migration initially of neutrophils in the first 6-24 hours followed by monocytes (24-48hours). The intra -alveolar macrophages are activated.Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0691 Result of Cellular ResponseThe cells of the immune system release cytokines, chemotactic agents and proteases. Immune cells , macrophages and fibroblasts are attracted to the interstitium. Some of proinflammatory agents are toxic to the cell lining causing damage to the surfactant, type 1 pneumocytes and the capillary endothelium. There is progressive edema.Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0692 Hyaline MembraneA hyaline membrane evolves covering the damaged surface of the alveolus. This impedes gas exchangeAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net lungs-0694 Chronic Inflammation – The BasicsAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net Chronic Inflammation – The BasicsAshley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net lungs-0699d Basic Structure of Tubular Systemskey words art mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa histology tube colon small bowel lung bronchus bronchi esophagus stomach large bowel bile duct ureter tube principles Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347 Mucosal Lesionkey words mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa mucosal mass polyp neoplasm carcinoma acute angles with the lumen histopathology imaging diagnosis Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347d01 Submucosal Lesion key words mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa submucosal mass edema hemorrhage obtuse angles or right angle 90 degree ninety degree angle with the lumen histopathology imaging diagnosis Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347d02 Submucosal Lesion key words mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa submucosal mass edema hemorrhage obtuse angles or right with the lumen histopathology imaging diagnosis Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347d03 Extrinsic Lesionkey words mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa submucosal mass edema hemorrhage neoplasm malignancy benign obtuse angles with the lumen histopathology imaging diagnosisAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347d04 Circumferential Lesionkey words mucosa submucosa muscularis adventitia serosa submucosal mass edema hemorrhage neoplasm malignancy benign obtuse angles with the lumen circumferential narrowing constriction obstruction histopathology imaging diagnosisAshley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net 32347d06